1. (

• Istanbul ,
• Stambul ,
• Stamboul ,
• Constantinople

) the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church ;

2. (

• Constantinople ,
• Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople

) the council in 869 that condemned Photius who had become the patriarch of Constantinople without approval from the Vatican, thereby precipitating the schism between the eastern and western churches ;

3. (

• Constantinople ,
• Third_Council_of_Constantinople

) the sixth ecumenical council in 680-681 which condemned Monothelitism by defining two wills in Christ, divine and human ;

4. (

• Constantinople ,
• Second_Council_of_Constantinople

) the fifth ecumenical council in 553 which held Origen's writings to be heretic ;

5. (

• Constantinople ,
• First_Council_of_Constantinople

) the second ecumenical council in 381 which added wording about the Holy Spirit to the Nicene Creed ;